Reading Fundus Photographs

Service Description

This interactive 2-hour online session is designed specifically for ophthalmology residents and practising general ophthalmologists who want to develop a structured and clinically meaningful approach to fundus interpretation. Rather than memorising isolated retinal findings, the class focuses on learning how to analyse a fundus photograph systematically, recognise patterns, and build differential diagnoses. In daily practice, residents are often able to identify individual lesions but struggle to connect them into a coherent diagnosis. This session aims to bridge that gap by teaching how experienced clinicians think through a fundus photograph, beginning with basic observation and progressing toward interpretation, localisation, and clinical correlation. The session will cover a practical framework for reading any fundus photograph, including: ➤image orientation and quality assessment, ➤optic disc evaluation, ➤retinal vascular analysis, ➤macular assessment, ➤retinal background and peripheral clues, ➤localisation of pathology, ➤pattern recognition in common retinal and neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Through multiple real clinical photographs, participants will learn how to distinguish important mimickers and avoid common diagnostic errors. The emphasis will remain on practical interpretation relevant to clinics, emergency calls, examinations, and viva discussions. Topics will include: ➤diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, ➤retinal vascular occlusions, ➤myopic fundus changes, ➤inflammatory and hereditary retinal patterns, ➤other common retinal diseases. By the end of the session, participants should feel more confident approaching fundus photographs and more comfortable identifying retinal findings.