Cataract

Cataract surgery is indicated when opacification of the natural lens causes significant visual impairment, affecting daily activities such as reading, driving, or occupational performance. The preoperative assessment includes a detailed evaluation of visual acuity, lens opacity, anterior and posterior segment health, and coexisting ocular conditions such as glaucoma or retinal disease.
Biometric measurements, including axial length and keratometry, are performed to calculate intraocular lens power. Surgical planning also considers pupil size, corneal curvature, and the presence of conditions like pseudoexfoliation or uveitis, which may influence technique and lens selection.
The procedure is typically performed using phacoemulsification through a small corneal incision, followed by implantation of an intraocular lens chosen based on the patient’s visual requirements and anatomical considerations. Postoperative care involves monitoring wound healing, intraocular pressure, visual recovery, and potential complications. Emphasis is placed on patient education, realistic expectations, and structured follow-up to ensure optimal and sustained visual outcomes.